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1 нитро-целлюлозный бездымный порох
Military: nitrocellulose smokeless powderУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > нитро-целлюлозный бездымный порох
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2 нитроцеллюлозный бездымный порох
Military: nitrocellulose smokeless powderУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > нитроцеллюлозный бездымный порох
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3 Nobel, Alfred Bernhard
[br]b. 21 October 1833 Stockholm, Swedend. 10 December 1896 San Remo, Italy[br]Swedish industrialist, inventor of dynamite, founder of the Nobel Prizes.[br]Alfred's father, Immanuel Nobel, builder, industrialist and inventor, encouraged his sons to follow his example of inventiveness. Alfred's education was interrupted when the family moved to St Petersburg, but was continued privately and was followed by a period of travel. He thus acquired a good knowledge of chemistry and became an excellent linguist.During the Crimean War, Nobel worked for his father's firm in supplying war materials. The cancellation of agreements with the Russian Government at the end of the war bankrupted the firm, but Alfred and his brother Immanuel continued their interest in explosives, working on improved methods of making nitroglycerine. In 1863 Nobel patented his first major invention, a detonator that introduced the principle of detonation by shock, by using a small charge of nitroglycerine in a metal cap with detonating or fulminating mercury. Two years later Nobel set up the world's first nitroglycerine factory in an isolated area outside Stockholm. This led to several other plants and improved methods for making and handling the explosive. Yet Nobel remained aware of the dangers of liquid nitroglycerine, and after many experiments he was able in 1867 to take out a patent for dynamite, a safe, solid and pliable form of nitroglycerine, mixed with kieselguhr. At last, nitroglycerine, discovered by Sobrero in 1847, had been transformed into a useful explosive; Nobel began to promote a worldwide industry for its manufacture. Dynamite still had disadvantages, and Nobel continued his researches until, in 1875, he achieved blasting gelatin, a colloidal solution of nitrocellulose (gun cotton) in nitroglycerine. In many ways it proved to be the ideal explosive, more powerful than nitroglycerine alone, less sensitive to shock and resistant to moisture. It was variously called Nobel's Extra Dynamite, blasting gelatin and gelignite. It immediately went into production.Next, Nobel sought a smokeless powder for military purposes, and in 1887 he obtained a nearly smokeless blasting powder using nitroglycerine and nitrocellulose with 10 per cent camphor. Finally, a progressive, smokeless blasting powder was developed in 1896 at his San Remo laboratory.Nobel's interests went beyond explosives into other areas, such as electrochemistry, optics and biology; his patents amounted to 355 in various countries. However, it was the manufacture of explosives that made him a multimillionaire. At his death he left over £2 million, which he willed to funding awards "to those who during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind".[br]Bibliography1875, On Modern Blasting Agents, Glasgow (his only book).Further ReadingH.Schuck et al., 1962, Nobel, the Man and His Prizes, Amsterdam.E.Bergengren, 1962, Alfred Nobel, the Man and His Work, London and New York (includes a supplement on the prizes and the Nobel institution).LRD -
4 пироксилиновый порох
1) Military: cellulose nitrate smokeless powder, nitro-cellulose powder, pyropowder, pyroxiline powder, single-base powder2) Engineering: nitrocellulose powder3) Arms production: pyro powderУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > пироксилиновый порох
См. также в других словарях:
Smokeless powder — is the name given to a number of propellants used in firearms and artillery which produce negligible smoke when fired, unlike the older gunpowder (black powder) which they replaced. The basis of the term smokeless is that the combustion products… … Wikipedia
smokeless powder — n. a propellant or explosive that consists mainly of nitrocellulose and makes little or no smoke when it is fired … English World dictionary
smokeless powder — noun Date: 1890 any of a class of explosive propellants that produce comparatively little smoke on explosion and consist mostly of gelatinized nitrocellulose … New Collegiate Dictionary
smokeless powder — noun An explosive, similar to gunpowder, consisting of nitrocellulose mixed with nitroglycerine or nitroguanidine; it burns with very little smoke … Wiktionary
Nitrocellulose — Nitrocellulose[1] … Wikipedia
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smokelesspowder — smokeless powder n. A relatively smoke free propellant charge composed mainly of nitrocellulose, used in projectiles and small artillery rockets. * * * … Universalium
Internal ballistics — Internal ballistics, a subfield of ballistics, is the study of a projectile s behavior from the time its propellant s igniter is initiated until it exits the gun barrel. The study of internal ballistics is important to designers and users of… … Wikipedia
